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- Absorption
- Emisson
- Scattering or Diffraction and reflecton
- Resonance or Coherance
- Impedance
- Inelastic scattering..
Absorption- This
is the most common type of spectroscopy. Absorption occurs when the incident
electromagnetic radiation is completely absorbed by the matter with which it
interacts. Different electromagnetic radiation gets absorbed by different
matter species such as atoms and molecules. Absorption is generally measured by
monitoring the amount of radiation that is transmitted through the material.
Common types of spectroscopy involving absorption are ultraviolet-visible
spectroscopy (UV-Vis spectroscopy) or infrared spectroscopy (IR spectroscopy).
Emission: Emission is the phenomenon when
matter itself radiates electromagnetic radiation. The phenomenon of emission
may be triggered by an external source of energy such as flames (in case of
flame photometry), or even electromagnetic radiation of higher energy (in case
of fluorescence). Commonly emission is observed in fluorescence spectroscopy.
Scattering or Diffraction and Reflection- This
type of spectroscopy depends upon how the incident electromagnetic radiation is
scattered, diffracted or reflected. An example of scattering or diffraction is
X-ray crystallography which employs high energy radiations of x-rays in order
to examine the arrangement of atoms in crystals of proteins and molecules.
Resonance or Coherance- - This spectroscopy employs
electromagnetic radiation to couple to quantum states of matter in a coherant
interaction. An example of this type of spectroscopy is Nuclear Magnetic
Resonance spectroscopy (NMR spectroscopy).
Impedance-It
involves the slowing or impeding of the electromagnetic radiation for example,
refraction of light.
Inelastic Scattering- This phenomenon is observed when
the wavelength of the incident radiation shifts after it interacts with matter.
An example of inelastic scattering is observed in Raman spectroscopy.
VARIOUS SPECTROSCOPIC TECHNIQUES
Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy
(UV-Vis Spectroscopy)
Type of Electromagnetic Radiation-Ultraviolet and Visible spectrum
Type of Matter Observed; Electrons
and electronic excitations.
Type of Interaction ; -
Absorbance
⃣ Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy; (NMR
Spectroscopy)
Type of Electromagnetic Radiation ; Radiowaves
Type of Matter Observed; Nucleus
Type of Interaction ; Resonance or Coherance
⃣ Infrared Spectroscopy (IR Spectroscopy)
Type of Electromagnetic Radiation-Infrared spectrum
Type of Matter Observed-Molecular rotations, molecular
vibrations, bonds between atoms
Type of Interaction - Absorbance
(or transmittance)
⃣ Fluorescence Spectroscopy
Type
of Electromagnetic Radiation-Ultraviolet and Visible spectrum
Type of Matter Observed-Electrons and electronic excitations
Type of Interaction - Emission
5⃣ Flame emission spectroscopy (Flame photometry)
Type of Electromagnetic Radiation-Ultraviolet and Visible spectrum
Type of Matter Observed- Atoms
Type of Interaction - Emission
6⃣ X-Ray Diffraction Crystallography
Type of Electromagnetic Radiation-X-rays
Type of Matter Observed- Electron
denisities
Type of Interaction - Diffraction
or Scattering
7⃣ Atomic Absorption and Emission Spectroscopy
Type of Electromagnetic Radiation-Ultraviolet and Visible spectrum
Type of Matter Observed- Atoms
Type of Interaction -
Absorption or Emission
