1. What is excipient and give any two examples with their
use?
Ans) Inactive or inert component of the drug formulation,
helpful for improving the tablet characteristics.
Examples:
Diluents, useful for increasing the bulk volume of a tablet.
Also used for improving the flow properties while compressing the tablet.
Lubricants, useful for improving the flow properties while
compressing the tablet.
2. Give the examples for diluents and lubricants?
Ans) Diluents- Mannitol, sorbitol, starch, lactose, sucrose
etc.
Lubricants – Magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, stearic
acid etc.
3. Name the tablet preparation methods?
Ans) Wet granulation, Dry granulation, Direct compression.
4. Explain the wet granulation, dry granulation and direct
compression?
Ans) Wet granulation: It involves mixing, wet sieving, drying,
dry screening and compression. API and excipients are mixed well, then binder
solution/ granulation fluid added to form a wet mass, wet mass is screening through
a suitable sieve, formed granules are dried. Dried granules are again screened
through a sieve. It helps to break down the granule agglomerates to produce a
compatible size for preparing the
tablet. These same size granules blended and compressed.
Dry granulation: It involves mixing, slugging, screening and
compression. API and Excipients are mixed well and particles are aggregated
under high pressure for forming slugs. These slugs are screened to form uniform
granules for compressing the tablets.
Direct compression: In this method, blend of API and
Excipients are directly compressed to form tablets without changing physical
nature of material itself.
5. Name any three tablet processing problems and explain it?
Ans) Mottling, Capping and lamination.
Mottling- unequal colour distribution of a tablet.
Capping- Partial or complete separation of a tablet top or
bottom crowns.
Lamination- Separation of tablets into two or more layers.
6. What is the difference between picking and sticking?
Ans) Picking- Because of adhesion to the punch faces,
Localised portion missing on the surface of the tablet.
Sticking- Adhesion of tablet localised portion to the punch
faces resulting in rough and dull appearance.
7. Define capsule and how many types of capsules are
available?
Ans) It is a solid dosage form. It contains API and
excipients enclosed in a water soluble shell made up of gelatin. Two types of capsules are available. Hard
gelatin and soft Gelatin capsules.
8 .Explain about hard gelatin capsules?
Ans) It contains two parts called body and cap. Body, a long
narrow section. Cap, a smaller wide
portion, it fixes over the body.
9) What is the biggest and smallest capsule size?
Ans) Biggest capsule size -000, Smallest capsule size – 5.
10) Define parenterals?
Ans) Sterile dosage forms administered by injections
thorough one more layers of the skin.
11) Explain about Water For Injection(WFI)?
Ans) Purified water without any pyrogen, prepared by
distillation or reverse osmosis.